常见关系模板代码
以下罗列了使用关系型数据库中常见关系定义模板代码
一对多
- 示例场景:
- 用户与其发布的帖子(用户表与帖子表)
- 角色与所属于该角色的用户(角色表与多用户表)
- 示例代码
class Role(db.Model):
"""角色表"""
__tablename__ = 'roles'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(64), unique=True)
users = db.relationship('User', backref='role', lazy='dynamic')
class User(db.Model):
"""用户表"""
__tablename__ = 'users'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(64), unique=True, index=True)
多对多
- 示例场景
- 讲师与其上课的班级(讲师表与班级表)
- 用户与其收藏的新闻(用户表与新闻表)
- 学生与其选修的课程(学生表与选修课程表)
- 示例代码
tb_student_course = db.Table('tb_student_course',
db.Column('student_id', db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('students.id')),
db.Column('course_id', db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('courses.id'))
)
class Student(db.Model):
__tablename__ = "students"
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(64), unique=True)
courses = db.relationship('Course', secondary=tb_student_course,
backref=db.backref('students', lazy='dynamic'),
lazy='dynamic')
class Course(db.Model):
__tablename__ = "courses"
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(64), unique=True)
自关联一对多(了解)
- 示例场景
- 评论与该评论的子评论(评论表)
- 参考网易新闻
- 示例代码
class Comment(db.Model):
"""评论"""
__tablename__ = "comments"
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
# 评论内容
content = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
# 父评论id
parent_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("comments.id"))
# 父评论(也是评论模型)
parent = db.relationship("Comment", remote_side=[id],
backref=db.backref('childs', lazy='dynamic'))
# 测试代码
if __name__ == '__main__':
db.drop_all()
db.create_all()
com1 = Comment(content='我是主评论1')
com2 = Comment(content='我是主评论2')
com11 = Comment(content='我是回复主评论1的子评论1')
com11.parent = com1
com12 = Comment(content='我是回复主评论1的子评论2')
com12.parent = com1
db.session.add_all([com1, com2, com11, com12])
db.session.commit()
app.run(debug=True)
自关联多对多(了解)
示例场景
- 用户关注其他用户(用户表,中间表)
示例代码
tb_user_follows = db.Table(
"tb_user_follows",
db.Column('follower_id', db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('info_user.id'), primary_key=True), # 粉丝id
db.Column('followed_id', db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('info_user.id'), primary_key=True) # 被关注人的id
)
class User(db.Model):
"""用户表"""
__tablename__ = "info_user"
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(32), unique=True, nullable=False)
# 用户所有的粉丝,添加了反向引用followed,代表用户都关注了哪些人
followers = db.relationship('User',
secondary=tb_user_follows,
primaryjoin=id == tb_user_follows.c.followed_id,
secondaryjoin=id == tb_user_follows.c.follower_id,
backref=db.backref('followed', lazy='dynamic'),
lazy='dynamic')